end notes
the Art of giraffe diplomacy
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1. Molly Oldfield, “The First Giraffe in France”, in The Secret Museum, Collins, London, 2013 at 124ff.
2. See our article, Early Influences of Photography.
3. Now called Istanbul.
4. Brian M Fagan, The Rape of the Nile, McDonald and Jane’s, London 1977 at 82.
5. Fagan, op cit at 82.
6. Michael Allin, Zarafa, Headline, London, 1998 at 48.
7. Fagan, op cit at 85. See also our article, The Life and Death of Mummy Brown.
8. Allin, op cit at 67.
8a. On panda diplomacy, see Marina Belozerskaya, The Medici Giraffe, Little, Brown and Company, New York, 2006, at 376ff.
9. Edmund Blair Bolles, A Second Way of Knowing: the Riddle of Human Perception, cited in Belozerskaya, op cit, at 107-8.
10. Berthold Laufer, The Giraffe in History and Art, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 1928 at 5, 21 [accessed at https://archive.org/details/giraffeinhistory27lauf]
11. Laufer, op cit at 26.
12. Gavin Menzies, 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, Bantam Press, London, 2002 at 32. Giraffes started being mentioned in Chinese literature from the 12th century.
13. Laufer, op cit at 50.
14. See generally “Caesar’s Giraffe”: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/giraffe.html
15. Laufer, op cit at 58.
16. See generally Belozerskaya, op cit at 107-131.
17. Laufer, op cit at 80.
18. Belozerskaya, op cit at 128. At the time she said this, she was sadly unaware that the giraffe was already dead.
19. Allin, op cit at 96.
19a. Actually two calves were captured but the second, intended to be used to curry favour with the British, was frailer. Partly crippled by her period of being bound, she was unable to support her own weight, did not thrive and died shortly after reaching England.
20. Allin, op cit at 70.
21. Allin, op cit at 6ff.
22. The size of giraffes varies dramatically according to their species. The smallest subspecies of giraffe is the Masai. Other subspecies include the mid-size Rothschild and the large Reticulated which grows up to 20 feet high and weighs 3,000 pounds, making it the tallest land animal: see Allin, op cit at 70.
22a. You can see a sitting Atir in Fig 1.
23. Giraffes are normally calm and gentle, though have a formidable kick when threatened. Their main enemies are lions and, at waterholes, crocodiles.
24. Allin, op cit at 116.
25. Allin, op cit at 136.
26. Allin, op cit at 8.
27. See Heather J. Sharkey “La Belle Africaine: The Sudanese Giraffe Who Went to France" http://sites.sas.upenn.edu/global-19th-century/files/sharkeygiraffepennoct2013.pdf. Allin op cit at 5 stated, probably mistakenly, that zarafa also meant “charming” or “lovely one”: see Denys Johnson-Davies, “Journey of a Giraffe”, review of Allin, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/429/bk8_429.htm
28. Allin, op cit at 145.
29. Allin, op cit at 156.
30. Allin, op cit at 175.
31. Allin, op cit at 128.
32. Michele Majer, "La Mode à la girafe: Fashion, Culture, and Politics in Bourbon Restoration France", Studies in Decorative Arts 17:1 (Fall-Winter 2009-10): 123-161.
33. Allin, op cit at 9.
34. Majer, op cit at 175.
35. Majer, op cit at 125.
36. Majer, op cit: see also Erik Ringmar, “Audience for a Giraffe: European Expansionism and the Quest for the Exotic”, Journal of World History, Vol 17, No 4, p 375.
37. Majer, op cit at 131.
38. See our article, The Life and Death of Mummy Brown.
39. Majer, op cit.
40. Majer, op cit at 127.
41. Allin, op cit at 182.
42. Ringmar, op cit at 386.
43. Lynn Sherr, Tall Blondes: A Book about Giraffes, Andrews McMeel Pub, Kansas City, 1997, at 108.
44. See our article, Art in a Speeded-up World.
45. Ringmar, op cit at 385.
46. Cited in Sherr, op cit at 108. Delacroix mistakenly thought the giraffe was a male.
47. See http://www.les-amis-de-zarafa.com/2010/06/tall-horse/
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1. Molly Oldfield, “The First Giraffe in France”, in The Secret Museum, Collins, London, 2013 at 124ff.
2. See our article, Early Influences of Photography.
3. Now called Istanbul.
4. Brian M Fagan, The Rape of the Nile, McDonald and Jane’s, London 1977 at 82.
5. Fagan, op cit at 82.
6. Michael Allin, Zarafa, Headline, London, 1998 at 48.
7. Fagan, op cit at 85. See also our article, The Life and Death of Mummy Brown.
8. Allin, op cit at 67.
8a. On panda diplomacy, see Marina Belozerskaya, The Medici Giraffe, Little, Brown and Company, New York, 2006, at 376ff.
9. Edmund Blair Bolles, A Second Way of Knowing: the Riddle of Human Perception, cited in Belozerskaya, op cit, at 107-8.
10. Berthold Laufer, The Giraffe in History and Art, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, 1928 at 5, 21 [accessed at https://archive.org/details/giraffeinhistory27lauf]
11. Laufer, op cit at 26.
12. Gavin Menzies, 1421: The Year China Discovered the World, Bantam Press, London, 2002 at 32. Giraffes started being mentioned in Chinese literature from the 12th century.
13. Laufer, op cit at 50.
14. See generally “Caesar’s Giraffe”: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/gladiators/giraffe.html
15. Laufer, op cit at 58.
16. See generally Belozerskaya, op cit at 107-131.
17. Laufer, op cit at 80.
18. Belozerskaya, op cit at 128. At the time she said this, she was sadly unaware that the giraffe was already dead.
19. Allin, op cit at 96.
19a. Actually two calves were captured but the second, intended to be used to curry favour with the British, was frailer. Partly crippled by her period of being bound, she was unable to support her own weight, did not thrive and died shortly after reaching England.
20. Allin, op cit at 70.
21. Allin, op cit at 6ff.
22. The size of giraffes varies dramatically according to their species. The smallest subspecies of giraffe is the Masai. Other subspecies include the mid-size Rothschild and the large Reticulated which grows up to 20 feet high and weighs 3,000 pounds, making it the tallest land animal: see Allin, op cit at 70.
22a. You can see a sitting Atir in Fig 1.
23. Giraffes are normally calm and gentle, though have a formidable kick when threatened. Their main enemies are lions and, at waterholes, crocodiles.
24. Allin, op cit at 116.
25. Allin, op cit at 136.
26. Allin, op cit at 8.
27. See Heather J. Sharkey “La Belle Africaine: The Sudanese Giraffe Who Went to France" http://sites.sas.upenn.edu/global-19th-century/files/sharkeygiraffepennoct2013.pdf. Allin op cit at 5 stated, probably mistakenly, that zarafa also meant “charming” or “lovely one”: see Denys Johnson-Davies, “Journey of a Giraffe”, review of Allin, http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/1999/429/bk8_429.htm
28. Allin, op cit at 145.
29. Allin, op cit at 156.
30. Allin, op cit at 175.
31. Allin, op cit at 128.
32. Michele Majer, "La Mode à la girafe: Fashion, Culture, and Politics in Bourbon Restoration France", Studies in Decorative Arts 17:1 (Fall-Winter 2009-10): 123-161.
33. Allin, op cit at 9.
34. Majer, op cit at 175.
35. Majer, op cit at 125.
36. Majer, op cit: see also Erik Ringmar, “Audience for a Giraffe: European Expansionism and the Quest for the Exotic”, Journal of World History, Vol 17, No 4, p 375.
37. Majer, op cit at 131.
38. See our article, The Life and Death of Mummy Brown.
39. Majer, op cit.
40. Majer, op cit at 127.
41. Allin, op cit at 182.
42. Ringmar, op cit at 386.
43. Lynn Sherr, Tall Blondes: A Book about Giraffes, Andrews McMeel Pub, Kansas City, 1997, at 108.
44. See our article, Art in a Speeded-up World.
45. Ringmar, op cit at 385.
46. Cited in Sherr, op cit at 108. Delacroix mistakenly thought the giraffe was a male.
47. See http://www.les-amis-de-zarafa.com/2010/06/tall-horse/
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© Philip McCouat 2015
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