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End notes
The extraordinary career of Granville Redmond: deaf artist and silent movie actor
 

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[1] Taylor was also alleged to have been involved in tax evasion. He also allegedly had the habit of buying works by lesser-known artists, and replacing their signatures with forged signatures of famous artists such as Claude Monet. For more about him, see https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/losangeles/press-releases/2011/florida-man-arrested-on-charges-of-selling-stolen-art-and-selling-forged-paintings-for-millions-of-dollars
[2] For much of the biographical information in this article I am indebted to Mary Jean Haley, “Granville Redmond, a triumph of talent and temperament”, with Introduction by Harvey Jones, and Chronology by Mildred Albronda, Exhibition Cat, The Oakland Museum, Oakland 1988.
[3] In the 19th century, scarlet fever, which previously had been relatively rare, became a major disease of the young. The discovery of antibiotics has now largely prevented scarlet fever from causing deafness. Public health measures have also played a critical role.
[4] Haley, op cit at 3.
[5] Haley, op cit at 5.
[6] Haley, op cit at 17.
[7] Haley, op cit at 19.
[8] Haley, op cit at 34.
[9] Jones, Introduction, op cit at xii.
[10] Haley, op cit at 34, citing interview with art critic Arthur Millier, March 1931.
[11] Haley, op cit at 34.
[12] Haley, op cit at 28 onwards.
[13] Conversely, silent movies were as accessible to deaf viewers as to hearing viewers.
[14] Cited in Haley, op cit at 29.
[15] Richard Ward, "Even a Tramp Can Dream: An Examination of the Clash Between "High Art" and "Low Art" in the Films of Charlie Chaplin", Studies in Popular Culture 32, no. 1 (2009): 103-16. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23416185.
[16] John S Schuman, "The Silent Film Era: Silent Films, NAD Films, and the Deaf Community’s Response", Sign Language Studies 4, no. 3 (2004): 231-38 http://www.jstor.org/stable/26190747.at 233]
[17] Conversation in November 1925, reported by A V Ballin, with Chaplin referring to the painting Low Tide, which Redmond had just completed for Chaplin’s private collection, cited at Haley, op cit at 30.
[18] Haley, op cit at 29-32, citing 1929 letter by Redmond.
[19] Article in March 1929, italics added, cited in Haley, op cit at 31.
[20] Apart from Chaplin himself, these included his cinematographer Rolland Totheroh, who was excellent, and a director Eddie Sutherland, who “talked like lightning”: Haley, op cit at 32.
[21] Haley, op cit at 32.
[22] Thomas R. Reynolds, “Granville Redmond's Tonalism” http://www.thomasreynolds.com/gr_b.html
[23] Haley, op cit at 34, citing interview with Millier.
[24] For example, the stolen painting, Seascape at Twilight, had reportedly been on-sold by the dealer for $236,000.
© Philip McCouat 2019
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